基于标准热阻的多类储热材料归一化动态表征及应用

郝俊红; 邬学峰; 张师宁; 田亮; 戈志华

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.430231

基于标准热阻的多类储热材料归一化动态表征及应用

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.430231

华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52176068）

详细信息

作者简介:
郝俊红（1988—），男，副教授，博士（通讯作者. E-mail：hjh@ncepu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: TB34
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-12
- 修回日期: 2022-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-30

Normalized Dynamic Characterization and Application of Multiple Heat Storage Materials Based on Standard Thermal Resistance

School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beiijng 102206, P.R.China

摘要

摘要:
基于标准热阻和能量流法，推导出储热材料与换热流体的瞬态换热热阻，通过类比电路分析法，获得了储热-换热过程的瞬态热量流模型及动态响应时间常数。进一步引入节点温度，重新定义换热热阻，获得了储热与换热过程耦合的三阶电路瞬态热量流模型，求解得到了加热、储热和释热三类时间常数，可用于协同表征储热材料中储热与释热的快慢程度，从而实现了多类储热材料的归一化动态表征。通过数值模拟验证与应用对比分析，发现基于多时间常数的归一化动态模型用于表征储热材料的动态特性是可行的，可直接对不同换热、储热材料进行对比分析。案例分析发现与固体储热材料换热时，液态金属的动态换热能力优于熔融盐，而相比于水蒸气和CO₂，空气与陶瓷材料换热能更快达到稳态。
- 储热材料 /
- 热电类比 /
- 归一化 /
- 动态表征 /
- 热阻
Abstract:
Based on the standard thermal resistance and the heat current method, the transient heat transfer thermal resistance between the heat storage material and the heat transfer fluid was deduced. With the analog circuit analysis method, the transient heat current model and dynamic response time constants of heat storage-heat exchange processes were obtained. Based on this model, the node temperature was introduced for refining the heat transfer thermal resistance, and the transient heat current model for the 3rd-order circuit coupled with the heat storage and heat transfer processes was obtained. Numerical simulation verification and application comparison indicate that, the normalized dynamic model based on multiple time constants is feasible to characterize the dynamic characteristics of heat storage materials, and can directly compare and analyze different heat exchange and heat storage materials. The case study shows that, for the heat exchange with solid heat storage materials, the liquid metal has better dynamic heat exchange capacity than the molten salt, while for the heat exchange with ceramic materials, the air reaches the steady state faster than water vapor and CO₂.
- thermal storage material /
- thermoelectric analogy /
- normalization /
- dynamic characterization /
- thermal resistance

HTML全文

图 1 储热材料瞬态换热模型

Figure 1. The dynamic heat transfer model for heat storage materials

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图 2 传热过程瞬态热流模型

Figure 2. The transient heat flow model for heat transfer process

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图 3 储热材料分层示意图

Figure 3. The layering diagram for the thermal storage materials

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图 4 三阶电路瞬态热流模型

Figure 4. The transient heat flow model for the 3rd-order circuit

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图 5 瞬态热流模型与仿真结果对比：（a）仿真1；（b）仿真2；（c）仿真3

Figure 5. Comparison between transient heat flow models and simulation results: (a) simulation 1; (b) simulation 2; (c) simulation 3

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图 6 三种情况下三阶电路瞬态热量流模型计算结果

Figure 6. Calculation results of the 3rd-order circuit transient heat flux model in 3 cases

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图 7 不同换热流体下储热材料中间面的温升：（a）硅质耐火砖；（b）镁质耐火砖；（c）钢筋混凝土；（d）铸铁；（e）铸钢

Figure 7. Temperature rises of intermediate surfaces of thermal storage materials in different heat exchange fluids: (a) silicon refractory bricks; (b) magnesia refractory bricks; (c) reinforced concrete; (d) cast iron; (e) cast steel

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图 8 不同换热流体下陶瓷材料中间面的温升：（a）石英；（b）碳化硅；（c）刚玉

Figure 8. Temperature rises of ceramic material intermediate surfaces under different heat exchange fluids: (a) quartz; (b) silicon carbide; (c) corundum

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表 1 仿真验证设置

Table 1. Simulation verification settings

simulation number	hot fluid	T_h,i/K	v_h,i/(m·s⁻¹)	cold fluid	T_c,i/K	v_c,i/(m·s⁻¹)	material	δ/cm
1	water	350	2	water	300	1	CaCO₃	15
2	water	340	2	benzene	300	1	CaO	10
3	water	360	3	benzene	300	1	CaSO₄	10

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表 2 时间常数

Table 2. Time constants

simulation number	τ_h /s	τ_m/s	τ_c/s
1	1 323.27	1 997.37	1 323.40
2	758.55	962.79	758.55
3	3 047.15	4 222.93	3 047.15

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表 3 三种情况下热流体物理性质及加热时间常数

Table 3. Physical properties and heating time constants of the thermal fluid in 3 cases

case	ρ/(kg/m³)	c_p /(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	λ /(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	τ_h /(s)
1	1 000	4 180	0.6	1 060.40
2	800	2 700	0.4	1 148.27
3	2 000	3 600	0.5	953.58

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表 4 换热流体物性参数^[27]

Table 4. Physical parameters of heat exchanger fluids^[27]

fluid	ρ /(kg/m³)	c_p /(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	λ /(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	υ/(m²/s)
liquid lithium	480	2 016	53	7.4×10⁵
liquid sodium	830	1 045	66	2.9×10⁵
KF-ZrF₄	2 800	3 444	0.55	1.82×10⁶
HTS	1 877	2 777	0.59	2.26×10⁶

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表 5 储热材料物性参数^[28]

Table 5. Physical parameters of heat storage materials^[28]

heat storage material	density ρ /(kg/m³)	c_p /(J∙kg⁻¹∙K⁻¹)	thermal conductivity λ /(W∙m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
silicon refractory brick	1 820	1 000	1.5
magnesia refractory brick	3 000	1 150	5
reinforced concrete	2 200	850	1.5
cast iron	7 200	560	37
cast steel	7 800	600	40

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表 6 加热时间常数(单位：s)

Table 6. Heating time constants (unit: s)

	liquid lithium	liquid sodium	KF-ZrF₄ salt	HTS salt
silicon refractory brick	98.46	99.67	106.33	108.29
magnesia refractory brick	63.66	64.68	65.50	66.32
reinforced concrete	98.96	100.58	108.95	109.25
cast iron	18.69	18.47	18.92	19.06
cast steel	21.12	21.02	21.19	21.36

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表 7 陶瓷储热材料物性参数^[30]

Table 7. Physical parameters of ceramic heat storage materials^[30]

ceramic material	ρ /(kg/m³)	c_p /(J∙kg⁻¹∙K⁻¹)	λ /(W∙m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
quartz	2300	1140	11.5
silicon carbide	3100	1170	65.4
corundum	3200	1400	2.2

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表 8 高温气体物性参数^[31]

Table 8. Physical parameters of high temperature gases^[31]

gas	ρ /(kg/m³)	c_p /(J∙kg⁻¹∙K⁻¹)	λ /(W∙m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	υ/(m²/s)
CO₂	1.343	942	0.0251	1.466×10⁷
air	0.524	1068	0.0521	6.309×10⁷
water vapor	0.5549	2 009	0.027	2.392×10⁷

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表 9 加热时间常数(单位：s)

Table 9. Heating time constants (unit: s)

	CO₂	air	water vapor
quartz	298.31	292.28	296.26
silicon carbide	86.89	86.40	86.89
corundum	1638.53	1634.24	1640.83

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