Hydraulic Calculation of Steady Uniform Flows in Trapezoidal Compound Open Channels
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摘要: 对由主槽、斜边坡以及边滩三部分组成的梯形复式断面渠道均匀流的水力计算进行了研究,采用表观切应力表示各子断面间的横向动量交换,结合各部分力的平衡关系式,推导出了主槽、斜边坡和边滩平均流速的计算公式.采用UK-FCF的实验数据对公式进行了验证,滩槽相对水深为0.057~0.4的7组工况计算值与实测值的比较表明,不考虑表观切应力的计算值与实测值的一致性都较差.比较而言,斜边坡部分平均流速在水深较小时计算值大于实测值,在水深较大时计算值小于或接近实测值,表观切应力对边滩部分平均流速的影响不明显,而主槽部分若不考虑表观切应力的影响,则计算值与实测值差别较大.运用三段式模型与刘沛清等提出的两段式模型分别进行了有边坡梯形断面复式渠道的水力计算,结果表明对于有边坡段的梯形断面渠道(河道),三段式模型更加有效.最后,将计算的表观切应力与实测表观切应力进行了比较,两者的一致性表明采用的动量输运系数是合适的.Abstract: Hydraulic calculation of steady uniform flow in trapezoidal compound open channels was studied. Based on the force balance of water in each sub-section, the average velocities of the main channel, side slope and floodplain were deduced, and the lateralmomentum exchanges between the sub-sections were expressed by using the apparent shear stress. Toverify the model,seven groups of UK-FCF measured data with a relative water depth between the flood-plain and the main channel varying from 0.057 to 0.4 were adopted for comparison. The result shows that the calculated velocity is larger than them easured data when relative water depth is small, while it is smaller than or close to the measured value for cases with a larger relative water depth. The influence of the apparent shear stress on the calculation of velocity on the flood-plain is not obvious, while it is much greater on the main channel. The three-stage model is compared with Liu's two-stage model, and the conclusion is that the former can give a better prediction for a three-stage trapezoidal compound channel. Finally, the apparent shear stress is calculated and compared with the measured data, and the result shows that the values of momentum transfer coefficient adopted are appropriate.
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Key words:
- compound channels /
- apparent shear stress /
- lateralmomentum exchange /
- average velocity
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