Fluid Dynamics Traffic Flow Models and Their Related Non-Linear Waves
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摘要: 介绍了交通流问题中的流体力学描述方法,分析了交通流在受压力和自驱动力等因素作用下所产生的非线性波动现象.这些描述包括LWR运动学模型,考虑动力学效应的高阶模型,考虑超车效应的多车种LWR(Lighthill-Whitham-Richards)模型,以及考虑流通量间断的模型方程.此外,还介绍了LWR网络推广模型在交叉口的Riemann问题求解;提出了描述二维行人流问题的Navier-Stokes-Eikon方程模型并描述了确定行人流运动期盼方向的基本思想.Abstract: Fluid dynamics methods were used in modeling traffic flow problems, which demonstrated many interesting nonlinear propagation phenomena. It was summarized that the propagation was related to traffic pressures and self-driven forces, which generated shock and rarefaction waves in the LWR model, stop-and-go waves in the higher-order model, overtaking waves (shock or rarefaction waves) in the multi-class LWR model, and a contact discontinuity in problems with discontinuous fluxes. The Riemann problem arising from extension of the LWR model to traffic networks was also introduced in detail. And a system based on the Navier-Stokes equations was proposed to model the 2-dimensional pedestrian flow problem with application of the Eikon equation for determination of a pedestrian’s desired motion direction.
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Key words:
- conservation laws /
- shock /
- stop-and-go wave /
- overtaking wave /
- contact discontinuity
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